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Aorta
As the body’s largest artery, the aorta originates from the heart and descends through the abdomen, disturbing oxygenated blood. Ultrasound is commonly used to assess the aorta for aneurysms, blockages, or other vascular conditions.
Hepatic Veins
The hepatic veins are the primary outflow vessels of the liver, draining deoxygenated blood and filtered substances from the hepatic parenchyma into the inferior vena cava(IVC). Typically, there are three main hepatic veins-right, middle, and left-which coverage to empty into the IVC just below the diaphragm. On ultrasound, their characteristic biphasic waveform, reflecting right arterial pressure changes, is crucial for assessing liver health and detecting pathologies such as Budd-Chiari syndrome or cardiac abnormalities.
CBD
The common bile duct us a crucial tube that transport bile from the liver gallbladder to the small intestine for digestion. Ultrasound imaging helps assess the CBD for dilatation, stones, or obstruction that could impede bile flow.
Liver
The liver is a large, complex organ in the upper right abdomen performing critical functions including detoxification and bile production. Ultrasound is a primary imaging modality for evaluating liver size, texture, and identifying masses, cysts, or signs of disease.
Gallbladder
The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ situated beneath the liver that store and concentrates bile. Ultrasound is the gold standard for visualizing the gallbladder, detecting gallstones, inflammation, or other issues affecting bile flow.
Left Kidney
Similar to the right, the left kidney plays a vital role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance by filtering blood and forming urine. Ultrasound of the left kidney is invaluable for evaluating its health, detecting cysts, stones, or other abnormalities
Hepatic Artery
The Hepatic Artery delivers oxygenated blood to the liver, providing approximately 25% of its total blood supply and a significant portion of its oxygen. Originating from the celiac trunk, it branches into the proper hepatic artery, which then divides to supply the various lobes of the liver. Distribution to hepatic artery, blood flow, such as thrombosis or stenosis, ca lead to severe liver damage due to ischemia.
Main Portal Vein
The main Portal Vein is a crucial vessel that transports nutrient-rich, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen directly to the liver for processing. Formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, it provides approximately 75% of the liver’s blood supply. Understanding its normal flow and anatomy is essential for identifying various liver pathologies during ultrasound examinations.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a vital gland located behind the stomach, responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. Ultrasound imaging of the pancreas helps evaluate its size, texture, and detect potential abnormalities.
Right Kidney
The right kidney is one of the two bean-shaped organs responsible The right kidney is one of the two bean-shaped organs responsible for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine. Ultrasound provides excellent visualization of the right kidneys’ size, shape, and internal structures, aiding in the diagnosis of various renal conditions.
Spleen
Located in the upper left abdomen, the spleen is an organ vital to the immune system, filtering blood and storing platelets and white blood cells. Ultrasound imaging is routinely used to assess the spleen’s size, texture, and detect conditions such as enlargement or cyst.